The Legality of Use of Force against Iraq in 1991 and 2003 Free Essays

string(62) any obstruction may prevent the readiness to consume them. Unique A universal law licenses expectant self-protection if there should arise an occurrence of an up and coming assault. The pre-emptive utilization of power is twofold edged, as any activity to the opposite of the UN Security Council is viewed as a penetrate, while early intercession is an encroachment of the privileges of the state. Iraq assaulted Kuwait in the mid 90s and this demonstration prompted an up and coming assault on Iraq by the UK, USA and East Asian countries[1]. We will compose a custom article test on The Legality of Use of Force against Iraq in 1991 and 2003 or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now This was following the authorisation of the UN Security Council to advance security and harmony in the region. All the more explicitly, this paper will concentrate on the conditions that set off an assault on Iraq and its suggestions. The current paper talks about the legitimateness of the USA assault on Iraq. What's more, the paper features those tenets utilized by different countries in guaranteeing that harmony and security are kept up, around the world. The paper remarks on the effect of the utilization of power in Iraq. The current paper subsequently fundamentally thinks about and assesses the lawfulness of utilization of power against Iraq, in 1991 and in 2003, from a global lawful point of view. 1.1 Introduction â€Å"The right to life† is a key temperance and essential standard, in the midst of war and harmony. In addition, philanthropic law and human rights together regard human pride and human qualities and it is troublesome, in this manner, to appreciate major rights when a person loses their life. The total state to one side to life is confronted with difficulties, with the need to balance out and keep up peace in the public arena, which can on occasion lead to the utilization of force[1]. The regular people and the individuals from the military appreciate the major right to life; notwithstanding; the privilege is constrained to the cultural requests under which philanthropic law works. This suggests the privilege to life is outright; nonetheless, a regulating structure ought to be set up to represent any death toll, to guarantee social dependability and request all through society. Universal law confines the utilization of power to keep an individual from losing their life. Besides, The European Convention is the pioneer of the restriction for Protection of Human Rights[2] and Fundamental Freedom, which affirms that there ought to be no additional power other than total power while defending an individual from unlawful viciousness or when controlling a mob, in spite of the fact that the Convention gives exemptions which result from legal war acts. This paper additionally centers around the conditions that prompted the assaults on Iraq, with theUK, the USA and certain East Asian nations being the nations which took part in the attacks[3]. The paper at that point proceeds to build up a contention with respect to the legitimateness of the power which was applied in Iraq. It is fought that the USA government under President Bush received a pre-emptive self-preservation component and the paper implies the philanthropic intercession as another technique for self-protection. The examination closes by contrasting, assessing and contending both for and against the legitimateness of the utilization of power against Iraq, in 1991 and in 2003, from a universal lawful point of view. 1.2 The Circumstances under which Force is applied 1.2.1 Possession of Nuclear Weapons Global law has assessed conditions under which equipped clash is viewed as legitimate, particularly for the reasons for self-preservation. Under worldwide law, Article 2(4) of the United Nations Security Council, expresses that the danger to have or utilize atomic weapons is unlawful[4]. This, thusly, infers the maverick states which act to the opposite of Article 2(4) of universal law are working unlawfully. A maverick state may, nonetheless, use weapons chiefly with the end goal of self-preservation. The maverick countries are likewise upheld by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) which attests that on account of a solid prevention, there is requirement for the utilization of (or purpose to utilize) atomic weapons. The law likewise repudiates the way that the danger to utilize a weapon is unlawful under Article 2(4)[5]. Be that as it may, the aim of the state to utilize weapons might be viewed as legal, on the off chance that it is focused on self-preservation. What's more, signatory states are required to agree to the Nuclear Non-multiplication Treaty, which plots three significant standards, in particular: demobilization, an unavoidable right to atomic use and non-expansion of atomic vitality. The settlement characterizes two classes of states: states which are credited and utilize atomic weapons (Nuclear Weapon States-NWS) and countries that are not permitted to possess, production and utilize atomic weapons (Non-Nuclear Weapon States-NNWS). All things considered, certain states might be convinced to enter the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty (NPT), so as to flag their atomic preferences[6]. Joining NPT resembles a dedication which can destroy a non-coordinating state by spoiling its reputational position, because of infringement of the arrangement. Notwithstanding, the ownership of (or utilization of) atomic weapons is legal, regardless of a state being a part or a non-individual from the NPT. It is contended in this paper the initiation of NPT is a danger to the International Community and that the arrangement for states to claim and utilize atomic weapons has made a noteworthy â€Å"loophole† as part states can legally possess uranium and plutonium which can be utilized in assembling atomic weapons, in a brief timeframe. Nonetheless, no doubt certain distortions have been submitted against the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), with hardly any gatherings having endorsed an extra convention towards NPT which guarantees that state individuals must consent to the IAEA safeguards[7]. The IAEA, for example, believed Iran to be against NPT commitments. This constrained the IAEA to set up straightforwardness measures to guarantee that there is a particular weapon acknowledgment as per its atomic programmes[8]. In addition, the United Nations Security Council has settled that nations ought not utilize uranium, yet ought to follow IAEA necessities. This suggests maverick states having atomic limit are in danger, because of the ICJ goals which expresses that ownership of weapons may legitimize the degree to which any obstruction may upset the readiness to consume them. You read The Legality of Use of Force against Iraq in 1991 and 2003 in class Exposition models This likewise suggests maverick countries are an expected hazard as they may effortlessly assault different states. Ostensibly, thusly, atomic expansion is a significant wellspring of danger which has expanded the potential for atomic psychological warfare. 1.2.2 Self-resistance Article 51 of worldwide law concedes each express the privilege and force against atomic attacks[9]. Besides, the contract has no preference, on the off chance that one of its individuals is a dependent upon an assault, along these lines it is commanded to give it the privilege to self-preservation, where sSovereign states are qualified for the privilege and it is additionally part of the standard law. A furnished assault is one of the conditions which can advance self-protection under the global law sanction. The state, subsequently, needs to characterize animosity dependent on Article 3(b) which expresses that a furnished assault is the utilization of a weapon by a country which is against the trustworthiness of the other country. Besides,, the utilization of atomic weapons against another state is a permit to self-protection. Universal law doesn't perceive non-state members in supporting an outside force. In like manner, those states that help non-state contribution in atomic weapons’ exercises might be endorsed for their activities. In light of the standards of exemption, a state which backers or supports psychological militants in any capacity in directing an equipped assault is viewed as an outfitted attacker[10]. This implies, if a country bolsters fear mongers with atomic weapons and encourages them in leading an assault on another nation, the casualty country has an option to act in self-preservation against the holding nation. Global law expresses that for a state to direct an expectant demonstration of self-protection, the assault must be approaching. It accordingly infers that, for the self-protection to be viewed as legal, there must be a sure time-scale component which should be fulfilled, for example the demonstration of hostility must be close and up and coming. In this manner for a self-preservation to be viewed as legitimate, there must be an inevitable atomic assault on the beneficiary state. Besides, global law additionally expresses that for self-preservation to be viewed as legitimate, it must be relative and necessary[11]. This suggests a vital demonstration needs to include a military assault. The contract likewise emphasizes that for self-protection to be legal, the furnished assault must be persistent. Likewise, the measure of power brought about must be like the measure of power used to discover a corresponding self-preservation. Legal self-protection ought to likewise fit in with the philanthropic law which expresses that self-preservation should hold fast to the Laws of the Armed Forces. The mankind standard stops pointless anguish and unnecessary injury; the law likewise precludes the utilization of over the top power, to the degree of prompting accidental loss of blameless lives, to military favorable position. This shows there are various conditions under which states are permitted to utilize power. 1.3 Background Information to the Attacks on Iraq The UK, the USA and East Asian nations attacked Iraq, in 2003; be that as it may, the explanations for the assault are as yet not plainly characterized. A few approach avocations have been advanced. For instance, the US government insinuated the requirement for the US to secure its Iraqi partners and the world on the loose. The US government additionally supported its activities, in view of the danger of psychological warfare. The US likewise clung to the UN Security Council’s requests to incapacitate Iraq. The Bush government announced

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

Will My Life Insurance Pay Out

Will My Life Insurance Pay Out Will My Life Insurance Pay Out? Will My Life Insurance Pay Out?Be prepared for when being prepared isn’t prepared enough.Thinking about your eventual death or the death of a loved one is not particularly fun, to say the least. But if you are a regular reader of the OppLoans Blog, you probably know making end-of-life plans early on can save you and your loved ones from extra heartache once the inevitable happens.One wise consideration to help prevent financial catastrophe â€" such as unexpected debt or personal loans â€" after the death of a family member is life insurance.On a basic level, a life insurance policy is taken out on a specific person and pays out upon their death. In exchange for regular premium payments during the individual’s life, a preset amount of money will be paid out from the insurance company to the designated beneficiary or beneficiaries. It can make a massive difference when it comes to costs associated with burial and medical debt, especially if the deceased was a primary earner.Unfortu nately, there are instances in which a life insurance policy may not pay out. It is important to familiarize yourself with those instances so you can minimize the odds of an unpleasant surprise at the worst possible time.Less cause for alarmFirst let us offer some good news after the initial gloom. While spending hours on the phone with an insurance representative shortly after losing someone you love would certainly be a nightmare, it is not as likely to happen as you might fear.“We have done a lot of research into this topic, analyzing schedule F of a company’s statutory statements where they must report how many claims are resisted each year,” says John Holloway, licensed life insurance agent and co-founder of the digital life insurance brokerage NoExam.com. “After reviewing the schedule F report for many of the largest life insurance companies, there are surprisingly few claims that are resisted.”Be honestWhen life insurance companies do resist paying out, the cause ci ted will often be misrepresentation by the policyholder.“One of the easiest ways for life insurance to not pay out to your beneficiary is if you were not 100% honest when answering the health questions on your application,” warns Matt Schmidt, CEO of Burial Insurance Pro. “If you pass away in the first two years of a policy, companies will contest the death benefit, and further investigate your health. In the event the insurance carrier discovers a material misrepresentation, they may refuse to pay the death benefit.There are a wide range of health questions you will be required to answer when you are applying for life insurance coverage. It may seem personal, but by being honest, you will lower your chance of issues down the line.“If you lied on your application, withheld important medical or health information, or intentionally provided inaccurate health or medical information, then this would be considered fraud,” explains Randy VanderVaate, owner and CEO of Funeral Fun ds. “Fraud can include not including past or current medications, smoking or nicotine use, dangerous hobbies, or current medical conditions on your life insurance application.”Noncovered cause of deathThere are multiple kinds of death that will let the insurance company off the hook. You will have to read through your specific policy to familiarize yourself with all of the particulars.“Some policies cover only some kinds of death,” says Kathryn Casna, a life insurance specialist with TermLife2Go. “Accidental death and dismemberment, for example, covers you only if you have an accident. If you die of cancer or heart disease, your beneficiaries will not receive the death benefit payout. If you want coverage for those causes, you will need to buy another policy.” Suicide or murder by a beneficiary may also void life insurance policies.Wait timesMany policies will not kick in immediately. It is vital to know if this is the case with your policy before you sign up for it.“S ome life insurance policies will have a waiting period whereby the contract specifically states that the insurance company will not pay out the death benefit for any nonaccidental death during this time,” says Anthony Martin, CEO and owner of Choice Mutual. “In general, a waiting period will last two to three years if there is one. For example, all guaranteed acceptance life insurance plans from any company will have a waiting period. Those policies have no health or lifestyle underwriting, so the issuing insurance company knows nothing about the health of the applicant. They have to impose a waiting period on those plans to prevent people on hospice care from buying them and collecting a big check within a few months.”Remember your paymentsFinally, the most obvious reason life insurance may not give you money is because you stopped giving money to them.“If you do not pay the premiums on a policy and the contract becomes inactive, then the policy will not pay,” Martin clar ifies. “You could have a policy for 20 years and never miss a payment. Then if you miss a payment and pass the carrier’s defined grace period, the policy will become inactive. If you passed away at this point, the carrier would not pay out the life insurance claim.”No one wants to dwell on death. But dwelling on the specifics of insurance contracts and law after a death is not any fun either. Do your best to plan ahead as best as possible.ContributorsKathryn Casna is a life insurance specialist with TermLife2Go.com.John Holloway is a licensed life insurance agent and co-founder of the digital life insurance brokerage NoExam.com. He co-founded NoExam.com in 2013 with the goal of simplifying the life insurance buying process.Anthony Martin is the founder and CEO of Choice Mutual, which is an online life insurance agency specializing in final expense insurance. He has been a licensed agent for almost 10 years and has personally placed more than   5000 policies in his career. Foll ow him @choice_mutual.Matt Schmidt  is a  burial insurance advisor, who helps families across the country obtain affordable burial insurance policies. These specific end-of-life policies help families cover funeral costs and other final expenses.Randy  VanderVaate is   president and owner of Funeral Funds based out of Dallas, Texas. Licensed in all 50 states, Funeral Funds specializes in affordable burial insurance, final expense insurance, and life insurance for people ages 50-85. His goal is to eliminate the financial burden that a funeral, cremation, or other final expenses place on family members after the death of a loved one. VanderVaate can be reached at  www.funeralfunds.com.

Autism, Multiple Personality Disorder and Socializing Essay

Autism, Multiple Personality Disorder and Socializing â€Å"Where could anybody be without organizing their own thoughts†(Slater 1)? Imagine living in a world where one could not communicate with anyone around them on a truly rational level, even though the individual is completely rational. Imagine feeling so frightened by life, that one escapes to an Alternate reality, where they become catatonic, or even take on forms of different personalities to deal with everyday situations. Try not being able to communicate through one’s own words, only repeating what others have said in order to get along in life. This is what living with Autism is like. Autism, through the book definition is a â€Å"complex developmental disability†¦that appears†¦show more content†¦Multiple personality Disorder, (MPD) was first recognized in the 1700’s but was not understood so therefore was soon forgotten. Many cases showed up during the years, but was overlooked, or misdiagnosed as either schizophrenia or psychosis. Many in the medical profession did not believe that a person could have more than one personality in a body, unknowingly, even after the 1950’s. In 1993, records show that three to five thousand people were being treated for MPD, compared to the hundred cases reported ten years earlier. The disease is commonly found in adults who were abused mentally, physically, emotionally, and or sexually as children, between birth to eight years of age. The child uses a process called disassociation to separate himself/herself from the abusive situation. This is when the child makes up a personality to take control of the mind and body. During abuse, usually there is a personality for every emotion and feeling when the abuse is taking place. Symptoms of the disease include: amnesia, hallucinations, depression, and suicidal thoughts, and tendencies, and there can be anywhere from two to over a hundred different personalities. Usually each personality will fall into one of the followi ng categories: host, core, child, teenager, artistic, adult, animals, intimate members, self-helpers, persecutor, rescuer and helper. The child is usually under the age of twelve, with according behaviors,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Children With Autism1406 Words   |  6 Pages There are multiple ways to heal and multiple benefits that come out of healing. One of those healing methods is Music Therapy. Music Therapy has been shown to help many people of all age groups, a specific group being children with autism. It helps benefit children with autism by improving their communication and social skills. Just simply listening to music calms and puts the brain at ease. Music Therapy is beneficial to this specific group because though they may have deficits socially, they showRead MoreSocialization And Kids With Autism Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesSocialization and Kids with Autism Introduction I am very passionate about working with kids with autism. They have such amazing personalities and I feel like people don’t see past the disability to the unique person they are. For several years I worked at a residential facility for kids on the spectrum. I was a direct care staff that worked one on one with them to work on their goals their treatment plan was focusing on. My passion to help kids with autism comes from my previous experienceRead MoreLiterature Review on Autism Spectrum Disorders3442 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Literature Review: Autism Spectrum Disorders: What is Autism, how is it caused, and how can it be treated? The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Crystal Waynick April 3, 2012 Abstract Autism has become an increasing subject of interest, especially to researchers and medical professionals. This increase in interest is most likely due to the fact that autism is becoming an increasing problem in children, with the number of diagnoses doubling inRead MorePet Therapy3042 Words   |  13 Pagespets instead of medicine to their patients? The first type of animal therapy is animal-assisted activities (AAA). This therapy is performed by trained professionals with the accompaniment of animals that meet specific criteria. AAA are used for multiple patients and are more of a â€Å"sit down† and â€Å"play† time. A therapist is not sitting with the patient taking notes such as, ‘what are the patient’s actions showing’ (About 2)? Many different types of animals may be used for pet therapy. 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High School Students Should Be Taught At North Carolina s...

Basic life skills are defined as psychosocial abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges for everyday life (UNICEF). Taking that into consideration, high school students should be presented with the opportunity to take basic life skills courses within their high school career. In a way, it is ridiculous that basic life skills are not offered as a course in high school being that the students are there to get an education. It would be sensible if education was a combination of excelling in classes and life. When I think of basic life skills that should be taught in North Carolina’s public high schools, I think of skills such as, sewing, changing a tire, checking your oil, how to apply for a loan, how to buy a house, how to write a check, how to fill out a job application, the skills you would need to take care of yourself in the real world. I am targeting North Carolina’s public high schools because not only did I spend my entire high school career at a North Carolina public high school, but because I always wanted there to be a course like this to help develop and improve these skills, even though I was fortunate enough to learn them at home. I cannot completely say that skills along the lines of these were not taught at my school, because certain electives did glide over some of these skills but did not go into depth, which would have been more beneficial. Dr. Carol Morgan says, â€Å"There are manyShow MoreRelatedHigh School : Practical Skills1252 Words   |  6 PagesAre We Prepared?: Practical Skills in High School People are taught many things in school, but according to Dave from Boyinaband, â€Å"I was never taught how to vote. They devoted that time to defining isotopes. I wasn’t taught how to look after my health, but mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell†(Boyinaband, â€Å"Don’t Stay In School†). 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Disaster Planning Public Health Role Free Essays

string(314) " that are expended during the response \(so that costs can be recovered by the agency during the recovery phase of the event\) and in some cases, assurance of availability of resources to address the physiological and psychological needs of the paid and volunteer agency personnel who are engaged in the response\." After working through the project â€Å"Disaster in Franklin County,† I will admit that I have a new appreciation for the role of the public health nurse in the event of an emergency. The simulation helped me to understand the important role that the public health team. The plays in assisting the community during a disaster. We will write a custom essay sample on Disaster Planning: Public Health Role or any similar topic only for you Order Now Role of the Major Public Health Personnel Each of the major public health personnel, including the public health nurse, play a key role in keeping a disaster organized flowing smoothly. The key roles are the medical health director, agency incident commander, public information officer, liaison officer, operations chief, planning chief, logistics chief, finance and administration chief, and public health nurse. With the exception of the public health nurse, the positions are often filled by people who may not be specifically trained for the roles, however, have a general overview of what the specific role requires. Agency Incident Commander – The agency incident commander is responsible for making the assignments of each of the other roles. She/he will have a familiarity with the specific skill sets of each person who is eligible for a role and be able to use these skill sets appropriately with in each role to obtain the highest amount of effectiveness. The incident commander will have a broad overview of what the different areas are working on, and know how each role will work to benefit other roles within the big picture. The AIC oversees the development of the incident mission and key goals, and from this comes the development of an Incident Action Plan (IAP). The AIC is responsible for ensuring that the public health agency incident mission and goals are synchronous with those of the other responding agencies and jurisdictions. The person in this position will have natural leadership qualities such as reliable critical thinking and problem solving skills, ability to make a quick decision, flexibility, adaptability, and a broad understanding of the area affected. Public Information Officer – The public information officer is the communication coordinator or spokesperson. This individual is responsible for assuring that appropriate information is provided to the public, governmental officials and collaborating agencies. The Public Information Officer also assures that the required information is provided to the public health agency staff, so that the message of the agency is consistent, and in synchrony with other agencies. This person needs to be proficient in gathering the correct data for the situation, organizing facts, preparing appropriate releases for the press and the public, should have good communication skills, the ability to think quickly before responding, and have a good working knowledge of correct policy and procedure, standards, and laws in the public health realm. Liaison Officer – The liaison officer interfaces with and coordinates all activities with external agencies. The Liaison Officer assures that external agencies that are working with the department of health are provided with the resources that are required, as well as assure that agency policies, procedures and sovereignty are respected. She will be a point of contact for other agency representatives, and will coordinate assistance from other agencies such as hospitals, counties, EMS and federal emergency management. She will be responsible for creating and maintaining a list of cooperating agencies, their representatives, and point of contacts, and keeping other agencies aware of the public health status within the given situation. The liaison officer will have a functional working relationship with other agencies and have good communication and organizational skills. Operations Chief – The Operations Chief carries out the specific tasks and objectives that the public health agency needs to do in order to accomplish the goals of the incident. In this section, the Incident Action Plan is actually executed. This person will have a working knowledge of what needs to be done, how to get it done, and who to send to complete the task. He will also identify additional issues and resources needed and make those requests to the appropriate people. Examples of Operations activities include distribution of vaccines, water or soil sampling, delivery of risk communication messages to the public and case investigation, to name a few. The skill set appropriate for this person is someone with leadership qualities such as critical thinking, direct communication, and the ability to multitask. Planning Chief – The planning chief position is used to organize data, make projections and forecasts about the event and report the information to the AIC. Where required, this person may engage in intelligence activities – which for public health may be gathering, analyzing and sharing incident information (some of which may be sensitive) with other agencies. Examples of intelligence activities may include analysis and projections regarding  epidemiological data about a bioterrorist event, risk assessments based on information reported by law enforcement or determination of toxic contamination levels in an environmental incident is responsible for knowing the status of all resources available during a disaster both personnel and equipment. They will know how to obtain these resources, be able to determine current situation and status of the event, making a plan to provide the community with the things that are needed during a disaster, and have contingency plans in case the initial plans are unable to be carried out. This person will have strong contacts throughout the community, a working knowledge of resources available and strong planning skills. Logistics Chief – The Logistics Chief provides the support to all other sections that have been activated in the public health agency so that the work can be accomplished. Logistics acquires and sets up the things that are needed for Operations to get the job done. A logistics chief will have excellent organizational skills and good ties with the community. Finance and Administration Chief – The finance and administration chief has an essential role including assuring that a contractual and financial process is in place for emergency procurement of supplies, equipment, space and personnel; interpretation of human resource policies; tracking of fiscal resources that are expended during the response (so that costs can be recovered by the agency during the recovery phase of the event) and in some cases, assurance of availability of resources to address the physiological and psychological needs of the paid and volunteer agency personnel who are engaged in the response. You read "Disaster Planning: Public Health Role" in category "Papers" Diligent work done by the Finance / Administration Chief during an emergency can serve to prevent a financial or human resource disaster after the event. This person will have a skill set and background in finance or bookkeeping. Public Health Nurse – The public health nurse’s role in a disaster is to assess medical health and safety needs of the community and implement interventions as soon as safely possible after the event. This may include assessing individual needs of community members for things such as appropriate shelter, medications, basic provisions, such as food and water, and assessing for overall coping and stress management skills within a household. As these needs are assessed the public health nurse may refer to other agencies for resources in assisting these community members. The public health nurse will also be involved in vaccine delivery as appropriate and treating basic emergencies as needed. Chain of Command for the Community Health Nurse In the simulation â€Å"Disaster in Franklin County,† the chain of command for the community health nurse began with reporting to the agency incident commander who reported to the public health director, who reported to the medical health director, who then reported to the operations chief for the county incident command system, who reported to the emergency operation center commander. This clear-cut chain of command makes it easy to get information up the chain to the appropriate people without the public health nurse having to relay information to multiple people. Available Resources Resources available to the community health nurse to deal with situations outside her scope of practice included environmental health specialists to assist with inspections of restaurants available to reopen and inspections of housing before people returned home and help educate the public regarding the use of generators; law enforcement to assist with volatile situations, security and safety needs; hazmat and fire crews to assure safety of homes and businesses, and assist with cleanup efforts; public works to assure water safety, electrical safety, and assess for gas leaks are just a few of the resources available to the public health nurse to assure that the community is safe throughout the event and healthy upon returning to their homes. Actions Taken During the Door-to-Door Interviews During the door-to-door interviews in the simulation, the community health nurse encountered Mr. Fugate, who did not have his blood pressure medications. This had the potential to be an emergency, had Mr. Fugate’s blood pressure been high, or had he been symptomatic. The simulation stated that Mr. Fugate could have stayed at home or gone to the shelter, according to the community health nurse. In this situation, even though his blood pressure came back at a reasonable reading at the moment, I believe Mr. Fugate would be best served at the shelter where his blood pressure and his general safety could be monitored until events after the storm could be better stabilized. Should Mr. Fugate, choose to stay at home, there is a risk that his blood pressure would spike to a much higher level at a time when he is alone, and unable to receive appropriate medical treatment in a timely fashion. This also increases his risk for issues such as stroke and falls. While we must respect the wishes of the patient, as nurses, we also can make strong recommendations to our patients using basic health facts and logic that will sometimes change their decisions. In the case of Mrs. Alvarez, who spoke Spanish only, the enclosed generator had the potential to be lethal to Mrs. Alvarez and her son. The immediate education regarding the ventilation of the generator was necessary to prevent a buildup of deadly gases. Had there not been anyone at the Alvarez his residence who spoke English, not having access to a translator could have been detrimental to their health as they would not have been a way to discuss the risks with Mrs. Alvarez. Having a plan in place for access to a translator in a time of the disaster is very important as education, such as this, may be necessary on the spot, as opposed to at a later time. In the case of Susan Fuhr, my main concern would have been a lack of coping skills and an immediate danger to herself and her child. In a disaster, many things can happen to cause an increase in stress levels. In a person who is already stressed, any one of the stressors may cause an already overloaded person to be pushed beyond their breaking point. This puts at risk everyone in their path for physical and verbal abuse. Susan Fuhr had the stressors of a young child, as well as caring for her mother-in-law to deal with before the storm. While a recommendation to go to the shelter would have provided her with food, shelter and water, sometimes the stress of being away from your home, especially when caring for others is more difficult to deal with. Assuring that the family had the essentials that they needed and that follow-up was arranged was imperative in this situation. In a disaster, many people are afraid that they will be a burden to others if they ask for help. In the case of Mr. Westlund, the chemical spill and cleanup without being educated about the proper ways to do this could be detrimental to Mr. Westlund’s health. Putting him in touch with the appropriate resources, such as the hazmat team, was imperative to assuring that the chemical spill was cleaned up properly, both for Mr. Westlund and the community. Assisting the Community in Coping The community health nurse provided education to each of these families appropriate to their situations. She acted as a coordinator and advocate to put them in touch with the appropriate resources as well as a collaborator, by listening and respecting their needs and wishes. Using these techniques helps to calm the fears of the residents of the community by helping them feel more prepared through education, know that there needs and wishes are important and will be respected by those providing help to them, and by acting as an advocate, they are reassured that someone cares about their situation and wants to help them in this time of need. Disaster Nursing-How Can I Help As a nurse in the community, whether working in the public health realm or another sector, it is our instinct to go where they need is. One of the first things that you can do to help in the situation of the disaster is to be preregistered with an organization that is known to provide first responder assistance such as the Red Cross, Salvation Army, or local disaster teams. Even though the areas we are needed are rarely the areas of our expertise, extra bodies and extra hands are always welcome in a disaster. For those that work in areas such as hospitals, emergency rooms, and urgent care centers, checking in with your employer to see where help is needed is always appropriate. As a nurse, I worked through Hurricane Ike in September 2008 as it hit the Texas coastline and wreaked havoc on the city of Houston and surrounding communities. Even though I was in management at the time, I worked 58 hours straight through the hurricane coordinating nursing staff, caring for patients, and doing whatever needed done. This meant that, along with normal nursing duties, I made sandwiches, I cleaned beds, I removed red bags with patient waste inside, I assisted in putting out small fires, and I coordinated a move of the nursery when water started leaking through the ceiling. None of these was my regular duty, however, they were things that needed done at that moment. I believe the biggest service in any disaster for nursing personnel is to first be prepared for the disasters that can happen in your area; have a plan for your own family that can include being separated from them; know how you will get to the area you could be working in should a disaster occur in; and once you’re there, be willing to do what needs to be done, even if it’s outside your comfort zone. Being a nurse during a disaster can be stressful and exciting all at the same time. It will make you think outside the box to solve situations in new and different ways. Critical thinking and problem solving are taken to a whole new level during a disaster. Nursing of this type will boost confidence and test endurance as the nurse often works with little sleep, little food, and stress surrounding her. I will also say that nursing during a disaster is some of the most rewarding nursing I have ever done, and as crazy as it will sound to the rest of the world, nurses will always run in as everyone else runs out. It’s just who we are. How to cite Disaster Planning: Public Health Role, Papers Disaster Planning Public Health Role Free Essays string(314) " that are expended during the response \(so that costs can be recovered by the agency during the recovery phase of the event\) and in some cases, assurance of availability of resources to address the physiological and psychological needs of the paid and volunteer agency personnel who are engaged in the response\." After working through the project â€Å"Disaster in Franklin County,† I will admit that I have a new appreciation for the role of the public health nurse in the event of an emergency. The simulation helped me to understand the important role that the public health team. The plays in assisting the community during a disaster. We will write a custom essay sample on Disaster Planning: Public Health Role or any similar topic only for you Order Now Role of the Major Public Health Personnel Each of the major public health personnel, including the public health nurse, play a key role in keeping a disaster organized flowing smoothly. The key roles are the medical health director, agency incident commander, public information officer, liaison officer, operations chief, planning chief, logistics chief, finance and administration chief, and public health nurse. With the exception of the public health nurse, the positions are often filled by people who may not be specifically trained for the roles, however, have a general overview of what the specific role requires. Agency Incident Commander – The agency incident commander is responsible for making the assignments of each of the other roles. She/he will have a familiarity with the specific skill sets of each person who is eligible for a role and be able to use these skill sets appropriately with in each role to obtain the highest amount of effectiveness. The incident commander will have a broad overview of what the different areas are working on, and know how each role will work to benefit other roles within the big picture. The AIC oversees the development of the incident mission and key goals, and from this comes the development of an Incident Action Plan (IAP). The AIC is responsible for ensuring that the public health agency incident mission and goals are synchronous with those of the other responding agencies and jurisdictions. The person in this position will have natural leadership qualities such as reliable critical thinking and problem solving skills, ability to make a quick decision, flexibility, adaptability, and a broad understanding of the area affected. Public Information Officer – The public information officer is the communication coordinator or spokesperson. This individual is responsible for assuring that appropriate information is provided to the public, governmental officials and collaborating agencies. The Public Information Officer also assures that the required information is provided to the public health agency staff, so that the message of the agency is consistent, and in synchrony with other agencies. This person needs to be proficient in gathering the correct data for the situation, organizing facts, preparing appropriate releases for the press and the public, should have good communication skills, the ability to think quickly before responding, and have a good working knowledge of correct policy and procedure, standards, and laws in the public health realm. Liaison Officer – The liaison officer interfaces with and coordinates all activities with external agencies. The Liaison Officer assures that external agencies that are working with the department of health are provided with the resources that are required, as well as assure that agency policies, procedures and sovereignty are respected. She will be a point of contact for other agency representatives, and will coordinate assistance from other agencies such as hospitals, counties, EMS and federal emergency management. She will be responsible for creating and maintaining a list of cooperating agencies, their representatives, and point of contacts, and keeping other agencies aware of the public health status within the given situation. The liaison officer will have a functional working relationship with other agencies and have good communication and organizational skills. Operations Chief – The Operations Chief carries out the specific tasks and objectives that the public health agency needs to do in order to accomplish the goals of the incident. In this section, the Incident Action Plan is actually executed. This person will have a working knowledge of what needs to be done, how to get it done, and who to send to complete the task. He will also identify additional issues and resources needed and make those requests to the appropriate people. Examples of Operations activities include distribution of vaccines, water or soil sampling, delivery of risk communication messages to the public and case investigation, to name a few. The skill set appropriate for this person is someone with leadership qualities such as critical thinking, direct communication, and the ability to multitask. Planning Chief – The planning chief position is used to organize data, make projections and forecasts about the event and report the information to the AIC. Where required, this person may engage in intelligence activities – which for public health may be gathering, analyzing and sharing incident information (some of which may be sensitive) with other agencies. Examples of intelligence activities may include analysis and projections regarding  epidemiological data about a bioterrorist event, risk assessments based on information reported by law enforcement or determination of toxic contamination levels in an environmental incident is responsible for knowing the status of all resources available during a disaster both personnel and equipment. They will know how to obtain these resources, be able to determine current situation and status of the event, making a plan to provide the community with the things that are needed during a disaster, and have contingency plans in case the initial plans are unable to be carried out. This person will have strong contacts throughout the community, a working knowledge of resources available and strong planning skills. Logistics Chief – The Logistics Chief provides the support to all other sections that have been activated in the public health agency so that the work can be accomplished. Logistics acquires and sets up the things that are needed for Operations to get the job done. A logistics chief will have excellent organizational skills and good ties with the community. Finance and Administration Chief – The finance and administration chief has an essential role including assuring that a contractual and financial process is in place for emergency procurement of supplies, equipment, space and personnel; interpretation of human resource policies; tracking of fiscal resources that are expended during the response (so that costs can be recovered by the agency during the recovery phase of the event) and in some cases, assurance of availability of resources to address the physiological and psychological needs of the paid and volunteer agency personnel who are engaged in the response. You read "Disaster Planning: Public Health Role" in category "Papers" Diligent work done by the Finance / Administration Chief during an emergency can serve to prevent a financial or human resource disaster after the event. This person will have a skill set and background in finance or bookkeeping. Public Health Nurse – The public health nurse’s role in a disaster is to assess medical health and safety needs of the community and implement interventions as soon as safely possible after the event. This may include assessing individual needs of community members for things such as appropriate shelter, medications, basic provisions, such as food and water, and assessing for overall coping and stress management skills within a household. As these needs are assessed the public health nurse may refer to other agencies for resources in assisting these community members. The public health nurse will also be involved in vaccine delivery as appropriate and treating basic emergencies as needed. Chain of Command for the Community Health Nurse In the simulation â€Å"Disaster in Franklin County,† the chain of command for the community health nurse began with reporting to the agency incident commander who reported to the public health director, who reported to the medical health director, who then reported to the operations chief for the county incident command system, who reported to the emergency operation center commander. This clear-cut chain of command makes it easy to get information up the chain to the appropriate people without the public health nurse having to relay information to multiple people. Available Resources Resources available to the community health nurse to deal with situations outside her scope of practice included environmental health specialists to assist with inspections of restaurants available to reopen and inspections of housing before people returned home and help educate the public regarding the use of generators; law enforcement to assist with volatile situations, security and safety needs; hazmat and fire crews to assure safety of homes and businesses, and assist with cleanup efforts; public works to assure water safety, electrical safety, and assess for gas leaks are just a few of the resources available to the public health nurse to assure that the community is safe throughout the event and healthy upon returning to their homes. Actions Taken During the Door-to-Door Interviews During the door-to-door interviews in the simulation, the community health nurse encountered Mr. Fugate, who did not have his blood pressure medications. This had the potential to be an emergency, had Mr. Fugate’s blood pressure been high, or had he been symptomatic. The simulation stated that Mr. Fugate could have stayed at home or gone to the shelter, according to the community health nurse. In this situation, even though his blood pressure came back at a reasonable reading at the moment, I believe Mr. Fugate would be best served at the shelter where his blood pressure and his general safety could be monitored until events after the storm could be better stabilized. Should Mr. Fugate, choose to stay at home, there is a risk that his blood pressure would spike to a much higher level at a time when he is alone, and unable to receive appropriate medical treatment in a timely fashion. This also increases his risk for issues such as stroke and falls. While we must respect the wishes of the patient, as nurses, we also can make strong recommendations to our patients using basic health facts and logic that will sometimes change their decisions. In the case of Mrs. Alvarez, who spoke Spanish only, the enclosed generator had the potential to be lethal to Mrs. Alvarez and her son. The immediate education regarding the ventilation of the generator was necessary to prevent a buildup of deadly gases. Had there not been anyone at the Alvarez his residence who spoke English, not having access to a translator could have been detrimental to their health as they would not have been a way to discuss the risks with Mrs. Alvarez. Having a plan in place for access to a translator in a time of the disaster is very important as education, such as this, may be necessary on the spot, as opposed to at a later time. In the case of Susan Fuhr, my main concern would have been a lack of coping skills and an immediate danger to herself and her child. In a disaster, many things can happen to cause an increase in stress levels. In a person who is already stressed, any one of the stressors may cause an already overloaded person to be pushed beyond their breaking point. This puts at risk everyone in their path for physical and verbal abuse. Susan Fuhr had the stressors of a young child, as well as caring for her mother-in-law to deal with before the storm. While a recommendation to go to the shelter would have provided her with food, shelter and water, sometimes the stress of being away from your home, especially when caring for others is more difficult to deal with. Assuring that the family had the essentials that they needed and that follow-up was arranged was imperative in this situation. In a disaster, many people are afraid that they will be a burden to others if they ask for help. In the case of Mr. Westlund, the chemical spill and cleanup without being educated about the proper ways to do this could be detrimental to Mr. Westlund’s health. Putting him in touch with the appropriate resources, such as the hazmat team, was imperative to assuring that the chemical spill was cleaned up properly, both for Mr. Westlund and the community. Assisting the Community in Coping The community health nurse provided education to each of these families appropriate to their situations. She acted as a coordinator and advocate to put them in touch with the appropriate resources as well as a collaborator, by listening and respecting their needs and wishes. Using these techniques helps to calm the fears of the residents of the community by helping them feel more prepared through education, know that there needs and wishes are important and will be respected by those providing help to them, and by acting as an advocate, they are reassured that someone cares about their situation and wants to help them in this time of need. Disaster Nursing-How Can I Help As a nurse in the community, whether working in the public health realm or another sector, it is our instinct to go where they need is. One of the first things that you can do to help in the situation of the disaster is to be preregistered with an organization that is known to provide first responder assistance such as the Red Cross, Salvation Army, or local disaster teams. Even though the areas we are needed are rarely the areas of our expertise, extra bodies and extra hands are always welcome in a disaster. For those that work in areas such as hospitals, emergency rooms, and urgent care centers, checking in with your employer to see where help is needed is always appropriate. As a nurse, I worked through Hurricane Ike in September 2008 as it hit the Texas coastline and wreaked havoc on the city of Houston and surrounding communities. Even though I was in management at the time, I worked 58 hours straight through the hurricane coordinating nursing staff, caring for patients, and doing whatever needed done. This meant that, along with normal nursing duties, I made sandwiches, I cleaned beds, I removed red bags with patient waste inside, I assisted in putting out small fires, and I coordinated a move of the nursery when water started leaking through the ceiling. None of these was my regular duty, however, they were things that needed done at that moment. I believe the biggest service in any disaster for nursing personnel is to first be prepared for the disasters that can happen in your area; have a plan for your own family that can include being separated from them; know how you will get to the area you could be working in should a disaster occur in; and once you’re  there, be willing to do what needs to be done, even if it’s outside your comfort zone. Being a nurse during a disaster can be stressful and exciting all at the same time. It will make you think outside the box to solve situations in new and different ways. Critical thinking and problem solving are taken to a whole new level during a disaster. Nursing of this type will boost confidence and test endurance as the nurse often works with little sleep, little food, and stress surrounding her. I will also say that nursing during a disaster is some of the most rewarding nursing I have ever done, and as crazy as it will sound to the rest of the world, nurses will always run in as everyone else runs out. It’s just who we are How to cite Disaster Planning: Public Health Role, Papers

Watchmen free essay sample

In the Graphic Novel, Watchmen, written by Alan Moore and published in the year 1986, Rorschach is the only real vigilante, any person who takes the law into his or her own hands without recourse to lawful procedures, of all the watchmen. He breaks fingers and inflicts however much pain is necessary to get the information that he needs. Rorschach does whatever is necessary to protect his beloved city, New York, but in doing so he might bring on the destruction of humanity. Walter Kovacs first decides to become Rorschach because of Kitty Genovese’s murder. In 1964, she was stabbed to death multiple times and raped while thirty-eight people watched and did nothing. An article written about her death states: Still shocked is Assistant Chief Inspector Frederick M. Lussen, in charge of the boroughs detectives and a veteran of 25 years of homicide investigations. He can give a matter-of-fact recitation on many murders. We will write a custom essay sample on Watchmen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the Kew Gardens slaying baffles himnot because it is a murder, but because the good people failed to call the police. â€Å"As we have reconstructed the crime† he said, â€Å"the assailant had three chances to kill this woman during a 35-minute period. He returned twice to complete the job. If we had been called when he first attacked, the woman might not be dead now. † (Gansberg) Kitty Genovese had a dress that was given to her and made by Dr. Manhattan. This dress contained vicious fluids. Rorschach used Kitty Genovese’s dress to make is mask. The mask represents Rorschachs such black and white morals, nothing is in between, it is either wrong or right. If it were not for Kitty’s murder and the fact that thirty-eight people watched and no one helped, Walter Kovacs might not have decided to become Rorschach. In 1975, Rorschach was very motivated and interested in one particular case, the kidnapping of a little girl. He went investigating and after interrogating some people he found out where the kidnapper could be found. He went to the house and after finding evidence of the little girl’s rape and murder, Kovacs handcuffed the pleading perpetrator to a pipe inside his house handed him a saw and burned the place down. Rorschach gave the man the choice to either cut his hand off or die. After this case is when Rorschach decided that his alter ego was no longer Rorschach, but that his alter ego was now Walter Kovacs. Rorschach turns in his journal right before he and Night Owl go to Antarctica to visit Veidt. When Rorschach and Night Owl arrive at Veidt’s hide out, Veidt sees them coming and does not seem to mind, as if they are no threat to him whatsoever. After Veidt tells them his plan, he reveals that he has already released his â€Å"creature† into New York and that it is done. Rorschach is furious that Veidt would do such a thing to his home and that Dr. Manhattan is going along with it. Dr Manhattan asks, â€Å"Where are you going? † Rorschach replies, â€Å"Back to Owlship. Back to America. Evil must be punished. People must be told. † â€Å"Rorschach You know i can’t let you do that. † â€Å"Of course. Must protect Veidt’s new utopia. One more body amongst foundations makes little difference. Well? What are you waiting for? , Do it! † (23-24) Dr. Manhattan incinerates Rorschach but that is not the end of it. He had already given up all the information, it was written in his journal. Adrian Veidt succeeded in creating a fake alien and then making it look like the alien destroyed half of New York and people would have believed it. Adrian may have killed about three million people but he also saved a lot more by supposedly creating Unity among countries. If Rorschach’s journal were to get published then the peace would no longer exist and that would inevitably lead to the destruction of the entire world. According to writer Soheil Rezaee, Thanks to super heroes, the 1985 setting of Watchmen is different. Because of super heroes, America won he Vietnam War making Nixon so popular that term limits have been abolished. Fearful of invasion, the Soviet Union has developed massive amounts of nuclear warheads to counter the American arsenal and super heroes. This is what a lot of people think happened after the fake alien attack but if Rorschach’s journal was published this would not be the case, no one knows for sure. Rorschach was always the Watchmen with the most strict of morals. He became Rorschach because of Kitty Genovese’s murder and because thirty-eight people watched while it happened. He investigated all that he could and did what was needed to get the information that was needed to make something that was wrong, right. In the end, Rorschach’s strict â€Å"black and white† morals got the best of him and he knew that he could not live with himself if he just let Adrian Veidt murder millions of innocent people. Rorschach also knew what would happened if he tried to tell the truth to everyone but he didn’t care, he took the consequences of his morals.